在前兩篇文章中，我們成功建立了一個完整的三層架構應用：MySQL、Redis 和 Golang 後端服務，並將它們部署到 GKE 上。然而，手動部署在實際開發中並不實用，特別是當團隊規模擴大或需要頻繁發布時。這篇文章將介紹如何建立一個完整的 CI/CD 流程，實現程式碼變更後的自動測試、建置、部署和更新。

在上一篇文章中，我們成功使用 Helm 將 Nginx 部署到 GKE 上。這次，我們將更進一步，建立一個完整的三層架構應用：包含 MySQL 資料庫、Redis 快取服務，以及一個 Golang 後端應用。這個實作將更貼近實際的生產環境部署需求。

最近進到新專案，需要開始熟悉 GCP 相關服務，順手先嘗試將一個 Nginx 應用部署到 Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) 上。過程中，使用 Helm 來簡化與管理部署流程，將過程記錄下來分享。

In this article, we will explore how to use the Gemini CLI to develop a 2D English word game by integrating it with Context 7 and Task Master AI. This setup allows for efficient task management and access to the latest documentation, enhancing the development process.

Find the game demo here: Word Cloud Shooter

When developing software—especially as codebases grow to thousands or even tens of thousands of lines—developers often encounter hard-to-fix bugs, or fixing one issue may introduce new problems. Even simple projects can require significant time to implement all desired features. Many existing AI programming tools, such as Cursor, are limited by their context window, typically supporting only about 10K tokens, which is roughly 400 to 600 lines of standard Python code. This short context length restricts the AI’s understanding of the entire project, making it difficult to identify key dependencies and architectural information. As a result, these tools can only handle single files or small-scale projects.

Introduction

This article provides a guide on how to install and configure the Google Cloud SDK (gcloud) on a Mac, including how to authenticate, create projects, set regions and zones, and manage Google Cloud Storage (GCS) buckets and objects using gcloud and gsutil commands.

In this post, I’ll share how I built a classic 2048 game from scratch by combining the Vibe Coding workflow with Roo Code’s AI-powered collaborative development features. Through real project steps, practical tips, and personal notes, you’ll get a glimpse of what modern AI-assisted development feels like — and how it points toward a future where developers and AI co-create software seamlessly.

Check out the live demo here: https://game-2048.hoohoo.top/

What is Vibe Coding?

Vibe Coding is an emerging development methodology that emphasizes visualization, real-time interaction, and AI collaboration. The goal is to lower the barrier to entry for coding, shorten development cycles, and improve code quality all at once.

Recently, we received AWS notifications that certain Node.js 18.x runtimes for our Lambda functions are approaching EOL and need to be upgraded. As part of our standard process, we first validate the new runtime locally before performing the actual update.

We’ve encountered issues where macOS on Apple Silicon (M1/M2) cannot reliably run Node.js 20.x. To work around this, we perform our runtime tests directly in AWS CloudShell. Since CloudShell does not support host.docker.internal for Docker networking, we’ve documented a workaround here.

Improving single-node performance in Node.js is a common challenge developers face, as Node.js’s single-threaded nature can limit its ability to handle high concurrency or heavy load in some applications. To enhance performance, you can consider a variety of solutions and techniques. Below are some common methods:

Using Multi-process or Multi-threading Techniques

(1) Node.js Cluster Module: The cluster module in Node.js allows for multi-process applications, enabling each CPU core to run a separate Node.js process. This can significantly improve the application’s concurrency performance.

(2) Worker Threads: The built-in Worker Threads in Node.js help you take advantage of multi-core CPUs for parallel computation. You can use Worker Threads to handle long-running computational tasks without blocking the main thread, thereby enhancing concurrency handling.

(3) PM2 for Monitoring and Multi-process Management: Using PM2 to configure multi-process mode for starting and managing Node.js processes can improve the application’s stability and resilience. PM2 automatically handles process restarts, load balancing, and other settings, making it easier to manage Node.js applications in production.

In this article, we will focus on introducing the Cluster module.

When designing a caching solution in Redis for a one-to-many relationship, such as a quiz with multiple member answers, it’s important to choose the right data structures to ensure efficient storage and retrieval. Redis offers several data structures that can be used to achieve this, including hashes and sets. Below, we discuss two common approaches: using hashes and using sets combined with hashes.

Introduction

Grafana K6 is a highly efficient load testing tool built with JavaScript (with a Golang core) that maximizes the load capabilities of a single machine. According to the official documentation, a single K6 process can effectively utilize all CPU cores, and under ideal conditions, it can simulate 30,000–40,000 virtual users (VUs). This is typically sufficient to handle 100,000–300,000 requests per second (RPS), translating to 6–12 million requests per minute. It enables more efficient load testing without requiring additional hardware resources.

In MySQL, both LEFT JOIN and FOREIGN KEY serve different purposes and come with their own advantages and disadvantages.

The decision on which to use depends on your needs regarding flexibility, data integrity, and performance. Let’s break down each approach:

When developing and optimizing MySQL databases, we often face the choice of using JSON fields or relational tables to manage data. This article will explore performance optimization methods for using JSON fields and relational tables in MySQL.

The advantages of JSON fields are compact data structure, reduced number of tables, and fewer join operations. However, parsing JSON fields incurs significant overhead, has limited index support, and may have lower query efficiency on large datasets.

The advantages of relational tables are clear relationship models, comprehensive index support, and efficient query optimization. However, it requires additional tables and join operations, which are typically efficient in relational databases.

In scenarios with millions and tens of millions of users, what are the advantages and disadvantages of these two approaches in terms of efficient querying and flexibility? Here are the considerations:

Scenario: A membership system that allows members to create organizations and share them with other members. In the struct of Organization, Permissions are used to record member IDs and roles. Under the organization, the ability to add courses and units while allowing member sharing at different levels needs to be maintained.

Casbin is an authorization library that supports access control models like ACL, RBAC, ABAC for muti-language.

Before developing Casbin, it is necessary to understand the underlying basic model and how to configure a permission management model that suits your needs.

First, the casbin model are base on PERM (Policy, Request, Effect, Matchers) with following settings:

• sub (subject): The entity accessing the resource, such as a member, user, or device. It represents who is making the request.
• obj (object): The resource being requested, such as a feature, page, or folder. It represents what is being requested.
• act (action): The method or behavior of the request, such as publish, edit, view, disable, etc. It represents how the request is made.
• eft (effect): The result of the policy after defining the sub, obj, and act. It can be set as true, false, or null (indicating allow).

And further, it can be combined with roles to manage roles or multi-tenancy.

Next, we will explain the Casbin model. During the learning process, you can practice and operate in the Casbin official editor.

Viper is a complete configuration solution for Go applications. It is designed to work within an application, and can handle all types of configuration needs and formats. Also, viper has many features, such as support for different configuration formats (JSON, TOML, YAML, etc.), live watching and re-reading of config files, reading from environment variables, etc.

Here will demostract how to use viper with local config, management with struct, and envrionment variables.

Singleton Design Pattern

The Singleton pattern is a creational design pattern that ensures a class has only one instance and provides a global access point to it.

In software development, there are situations where we need to restrict the instantiation of a class to a single object. This is particularly useful when dealing with shared resources or managing global state.

The Singleton pattern is implemented by defining a class with a private constructor and a static method. The first time the static method is called, it creates a new instance of the class. In subsequent calls, it returns the existing instance.

The Singleton pattern provides the following benefits:

• Ensures that there is only one instance of a class in the application.
• Provides a global access point to that instance.
• Delays the initialization of the instance, improving performance and resource utilization.

The following are two implementations of the Singleton pattern in Go, each demonstrating how to connect to a database:

Before upgrading Go to specific version, you need to upgrade the environment. Next refer to the following sections to upgrade Go version:

Upgrade the Go version in go.mod

The go.mod file specifices the Go version used in project.

Find the current Go version on the file line of go.mod file. For example, if the version is 1.19, change to 1.22 (or whatever version you want to upgrade to). This step is curcial as it tells Go to compile your project with the specified version.

go 1.22

asdf is a versatile version manager designed to simplify the management of multiple runtime versions, such as programming languages, tools, and frameworks, within a single development environment. With asdf, users can easily install, manage, and switch between different versions of various software packages, ensuring compatibility and flexibility across projects. Whether you’re a developer, system administrator, or anyone who needs to juggle multiple versions of tools, asdf provides a seamless solution, enhancing productivity and eliminating version-related headaches.

流媒體編碼（Streaming encoding）是將音頻或視頻數據轉換為壓縮格式，以便通過互聯網或其他數據通信通道進行即時傳輸的過程。這一過程需要將原始的音頻或視頻數據轉換為更小的數據流，同時保持足夠的質量，以確保觀眾能夠在即時播放的同時獲得良好的觀看體驗，以下將針對影片編碼原理及知識作介紹：

流媒體協議（Streaming Protocol）

流媒體協議（Streaming Protocol）是一種用於在網路上傳輸音訊和視訊的通訊協定。這些協定通常被用於實現即時傳輸，允許用戶在資料流正在下載的同時開始觀看或聆聽內容，而無需等待整個檔案完全下載。

以下是一些常見的流媒體協定：

How to get real client IP in AWS CloudFront

In the realm of web development, obtaining accurate client IP information is a common challenge, especially when leveraging Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) like AWS CloudFront. The quest for the client’s true IP address often involves navigating through headers like X-Forwarded-For, but it’s not as straightforward as it might seem.